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The great wildebeest migration between Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and the Masai Mara Game Reserve in Kenya is the most amazing natural wildlife spectacle in the world. The border between Kenya and Tanzania passes between the two parks. However, there is no fence between the parks and this allows free movement of animals. Every year, the wildebeest migrate clockwise over 1,800 miles in search of greener pastures and quality water. This migration, brought about by Mother Nature, is a long and exhausting journey, with no end or beginning. This migratory movement involves more than 1.5 m of wildebeest, some 200,000 zebras, gazelles, antelopes and the big five (elephant, lion, rhino, leopard, buffalo).
Breeding season – Between the months of December to March is the best time to visit the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and the South Serengeti. The mature grass on the rolling plains makes an ideal home for wildebeest. This is the breeding time where more than eighty percent of the wildebeests give birth. Calving season hardly ends without risk. It is a period of great advantage for big cats such as lion, leopard, cheetah and hyena. Most of the calves are killed by the predators, while the weak ones die during the pilgrimage. This is the best time to watch predators catch their prey while taking some pictures.
By the end of March, the remaining grass can barely support the large herd of wildebeest. The wildebeest migrate to the western corridor of the Serengeti. The animals feed on the mature green grass and forests in this area from April to May. This is the season of the long rains in East Africa. During this time, it becomes completely inconvenient for tourists to travel due to poor roads.
May and early June is the mating season for the wildebeest. By the end of June, the animals have completely eaten the green grass. The animals are forced to relocate to the northern Serengeti. On their way, many animals are killed by territorial predators while others are attacked by huge crocodiles while crossing the Grumeti River.
Wildebeest migrate further across the Kenya-Tanzania border. The biggest challenge for the large herd of wildebeest is crossing the Mara River. The animals must cross the deadly river to avoid starving. The crossing of the Mara River is the most dramatic event, especially for photographers, filmmakers and documentarians. Sometimes the animals may choose to cross where the river is shallow and most of the wildebeest reach the Mara plains. Other times the animals may choose to cross where the river is deep drowning hundreds of animals. Most of the drowned animals are old, weak and young calves. Others are killed by the hippos and crocodiles that wait for them along the riverbank.
Wildebeests are scattered throughout the Mara and complain about feeding on the green grass. By November, there is no more to support the wildebeest, zebra, gazelle, antelope and the least of herbivores. This is the scene of the short rains in the Serengeti and there is a lot of grass. The journey begins back to the Serengeti conservation area and calving season begins. The annual wildebeest migration is a natural event and the timing varies from year to year, month to month.